TeXes Science Practice Test

What vitamin deficiency leads to the disease scurvy?

1. Vitamin A

2. Vitamin B

3. Vitamin C

4. Vitamin D

The correct answer is: Vitamin C

Scurvy is a disease that arises from a deficiency of Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid. This vitamin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of collagen, which is essential for the integrity of skin, blood vessels, and connective tissues. When the body lacks sufficient Vitamin C, it cannot produce adequate collagen, leading to symptoms such as weakness, anemia, gum disease, and skin problems. The disease is historically associated with sailors and others who had limited access to fresh fruits and vegetables, which are the primary sources of Vitamin C. As a result, those affected by scurvy may experience symptoms like swollen and bleeding gums, bruising, and fatigue. In contrast, the other vitamins listed are not related to scurvy. Vitamin A is important for vision and immune function, Vitamin B refers to a group of vitamins that support energy metabolism and red blood cell production, and Vitamin D is essential for calcium absorption and bone health. Hence, the role of Vitamin C in maintaining collagen health directly correlates to the prevention of scurvy, confirming that a deficiency in this vitamin leads to the onset of the disease.